Introduction
Architecture may not seem as tangible as authentication or authorisation, but it underpins a robust Identity and Access Management solution. Good architecture ensures that your identity services are secure, scalable and adaptable to changing needs. This article highlights key considerations—identity stores, integration patterns, zero‑trust principles and shared security models—to guide your IAM design.
Identity Stores
The “I” in IAM stands for identity. Before designing anything else, consider where user identities originate and are stored. Many organisations rely on a single HR system to source workforce identities, but contractors, partners and customers often live outside HR. Using separate stores for different user personas can enhance security and simplify management. However, avoid creating unnecessary duplicates; aim for a clear, authoritative source for each identity type.
Application Integration
Users interact with applications, so IAM must integrate with them. SCIM (System for Cross‑Domain Identity Management) provides standardised provisioning and deprovisioning. SAML, OAuth/OIDC and FIDO2 enable federated authentication and modern passwordless methods. When native integrations aren’t available, use APIs or group‑based access mappings—but be mindful of the security implications of delegating group management outside application owners’ control.
Endpoint Integration
Endpoints include laptops, servers, mobile devices and network equipment. Each requires authentication and authorisation. Devices can join a domain (e.g., Active Directory) or authenticate via cloud identity providers. The rise of remote work means the endpoint is often outside the network perimeter, making the identity layer the new boundary. Ensure that endpoint agents or identity gateways enforce policy consistently across locations and devices.
Integration Between IAM Products
Most IAM solutions involve multiple components: identity governance, access management, privileged access, multifactor authentication and password management. Treat each component as another application to integrate. Use standard protocols where possible and secure administration interfaces with MFA. Proper segmentation prevents a breach of one component from compromising the rest.
Integrating Non‑Standard Products
Legacy or niche applications may lack modern integration points. Options include using wrapper technologies—like virtual desktop or application delivery platforms—to enforce consistent authentication and authorisation. Alternatively, vendor‑supplied or custom APIs can bridge gaps, though they require more technical effort.
Zero Trust Considerations
Zero trust dictates that no user or device is inherently trusted. Segment your IAM infrastructure so that administrators only have access to their areas of responsibility. This may involve deploying separate instances for workforce and consumer identities or isolating sensitive environments. While this increases management overhead, it limits potential blast radii.
Shared Security Model
Cloud platforms provide robust security for their infrastructure, but customers are responsible for securing applications and data. Implement encryption, strong authentication and regular audits on anything you build in the cloud. Maintain clear lines of responsibility with vendors and service providers by asking who can access your data and how that access is controlled.
Conclusion
A well‑designed IAM architecture balances security, usability and scalability. By considering identity sources, integration standards, endpoint management, zero trust and shared responsibility, you build a foundation that supports current needs and adapts to future challenges.
